八種常用時態的主動和被動的結構
八種常用時態的主動和被動的結構八種時態 主動語態 被動語態 一般現在時 (經常, 反復, 愛好, 特點, 條件, 真理) do; does am;is;are done。
一般過去時 (過去發生的事, 不強調現在的結果) did; -ed was;were done。
一般將來時 (將要發生的事) will do will be done。
現在進行時 (現在正在發生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done。
過去進行時 (當時正在發生的事) was;were doing was;were being done。
現在完成時 (過去發生的事, 強調現在的結果) have;has done have;has been done。
過去完成時 (過去完成的事；過去以前發生的事) had done had been done。
過去將來時 (過去將要發生的事) would do would be done。
八種時態：
• He is always ready to help others. 一般現在時。
She often came to help us in those days.一般過去式。
• He is doing his homework now. 現在進行時。
• At that time she was doing her homework.過去進行時。
• I've written an article.現在完成時。
• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。過去完成時 • It is going to rain.一般將來時。
• I asked who was going there. 過去將來時。
這八種常用時態的主動和被動的結構如下：
一、一般現在時
1.概念：指經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.
二、一般過去時
1.概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
三、現在進行時
1.概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
四、過去進行時
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
五、現在完成時
1.概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
六、過去完成時
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.
七、一般將來時
1.概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
2.時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
八、過去將來時
1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
在語法里，時或時態表示行為發生的時間和說話時的關系。一般分為過去式、現在式、將來式，通常也有與表示動作進行或終止的進行式和完成式等體貌一起相連用的情況。
時態連同語氣、語態、體貌和人稱為動詞形式至少可能能夠表現出的5種語法特性。
有些語言，沒有時態的使用，如分析語的中文，但必要時，仍有時間副詞的輔助。也有些語言，如日文，形容詞的詞形變化能表達出時間上的資訊，有著類似動詞的時態性質。還有些語言，如俄文，一個單詞就能表現出時態和體貌。
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：
一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換 在現在完成時中，延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：
①瞬間動詞用于“一段時間 + ago”的一般過去時的句型中；
②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；
③瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時”的句型，請看：A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換在一般現在時中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態”，如at work（在工作），at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看：Peter is at work，but Mike is at playPeter is working，but Mike is playing.
現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換在現在進行時態中go，come，leave，start，arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如：I am coming，Mum! 意為“我就來，媽媽！”請看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.
以上內容參考：百度百科--時態
一、一般現在時
1.概念：指經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.
3.基本結構：動詞+ 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數，動詞上要加（e）S）。
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
7.特殊用法：一些動詞可用一般現在時來表達現在進行時：
verbs of the senses: hear,see,taste,smell.
verbs of the thinking: believe,know,mean,realize,think,remember.
verbs of the linking: dislike,fear,hate,like,love,want.
verbs of the possession: belong,have,own,possess.
二、一般過去時
1.概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構：含有Be動詞主語+was/were+形容詞或者名詞......
不含有be動詞：主語+動詞過去式+......
4.否定句：帶be:主語+was/were not+形容詞或者名詞+......
不帶be：主語+didn't+動詞原形+......
5.一般疑問句：含be動詞was或were放于句首；
不含be動詞用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞原型。
Did+主語+動詞原形+……？
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
She sang a song of Lin Feng yesterday.
三、現在進行時
1.概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本結構：Be動詞（am/is/are）+doing
4.否定形式：Be動詞（am/is/are）+not+doing.
5.特殊疑問句：把be動詞放于疑問詞的后面。
6.例句：How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
7. 一般表示位移的詞如leave fly arrive go come. 等用現在進行時表將來。
I am flying Beijing next week .表示我下周即將飛往北京。
He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天即將去北京。
8.現在進行時就是一個動詞后面加ing
四、過去進行時
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構：was/were + doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、現在完成時
1.概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not + done.
5.一般疑問句：have或has提前。
6.例句：I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、過去完成時
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.
3.基本結構：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month，we had reviewed four books
七、一般將來時
1.概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
2.時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are + going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：am/is/are + not+going to；will/shall+not(will適用于所有人稱，shall只用于第一人稱）
5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
I think he will be back soon
八、過去將來時
1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構：was/were + going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
以上內容參考：百度百科-八大時態
一） 一般現在時
被動語態：
主語＋be＋動詞過去分詞＋by(加賓格)
eg:He waters the flowers every day.
The flowers are watered by him every day.
二）一般過去時
被動語態：主語＋was\were＋動詞過去分詞
eg：He took care of his little brother yesterday.
His little brother was taken care of by him yesterday
三）現在進行時
被動語態：主語加am\is\are加being加動詞過去分詞
例句:Helen is writing a letter.
A letter is being written by helen.
四）過去進行時
被動語態：主語+was\were+being+動詞過去分詞
eg：He was making a model plane.
A model plane was being made by him.
五）現在將來時
主語+be going to be+動詞過去分詞
eg：They will clean the windows tomorrow.
The windows will be cleaned by them.
六）過去將來時
主語+was/were going to be +動詞過去分詞
eg:He said he would finish the project by the time we reached there.
He said the project would be finished by the time we reached there.
七）現在完成時
主語+have/has + been+動詞過去分詞
eg：he has sung a nice song.
A nice song has been sung by him.
八） 過去完成時
主語+had +been +動詞過去分詞
eg：He had posted the letter .
The letter had been posted by him.
英語 各時態 的 被動語態 請將各時態的動詞結構先寫出主動的再寫出被動的 英語應該共8個時態 被動語態的時態由被動結構“be+過去分詞”中的動詞be來體現,其基本結構和用法如下： (1)一般現在時的被動語態：am [is,are]+過去分詞 (2) 一般過去時的。
英語中8種時態的主動語態和被動語態
謝一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught
一般過去時：was／were＋taught
一般將來時：will／shall be＋taught
現在進行時：am／is／are being＋taught
過去進行時：have／has been＋taught
現在完成時：have／has been＋taught
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跪求英語8種時態的主動語態10句和被動語態10句,共160句
1、一般現在時
(1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反復發生的動作或狀態，常和副詞usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等連用。例如： 1)The moon moves round the earth..
(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如：
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
(3)某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作，這類動詞有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如：
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
(4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引導的從句中，也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如：
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2.一般過去時
(1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態，常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如：
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如：
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意與be used to doing短語的區別)
3.一般將來時
1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如：
I shall graduate next year.
2)幾種替代形式：
1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示準備做或將發生的事情。例如：
I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強制性意義。例如：
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事情。例如：
He was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示預先確定了的事，必定發生的事。例如：
The train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強調即將發生的某種事態。例如：
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
二、進行時態
1.現在進行時
(1)表示現在正在進行的動作，常與now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等連用。例如：
Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示現階段經常發生的動作，常與always，continually，forever，constantly等連用。例如：
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限于過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如：
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些動詞不能用進行時，這是一類表示“感覺，感情，存在，從屬”等的動詞。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感覺的詞)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的動詞)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞)；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有與從屬的動詞)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變，便也可用進行時態。例如：
1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?
(look在此為聯系動詞，意為“顯得，看上去”)
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(look在此為實義動詞，意為“尋找”)
2.過去進行時
過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生后，另一個過去的動作正在進行，或表示過去反復的習慣，常與always，continually，constantly等動詞連用。例如：
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3.將來進行時
將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時刻開始，并繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如：
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
4.完成進行時
(現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式，將放在完成時態部分講述。
三、完成時態
完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為：
1.現在完成時
(1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動作(常與yet，already，just連用)，或者過去某一時刻發生的，持續到現在的情況(常與for，since連用)。例如：
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有：since, for, during, over等引導出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：
1)I haven’t been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中：
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時；如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如：
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2.過去完成時
(1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況，這個過去的時間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如：
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時，表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或愿望等沒有實現。例如：
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
另外兩種表示“過去想做而未做的事”的表達方式是：
1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)過去完成時常用于以下固定句型：
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如：
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如：
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如：
The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
3.將來完成時
將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作；也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示將來時間的短語和句子；before (the end of ) +表示將來時間的詞語或句子；when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如：
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4.完成進行時
完成進行時是完成時的強調形式，有現在完成進行時，過去完成進行時，將來完成進行時。
(1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如：
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.
(2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如：
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如：
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
四：時態一致
時態一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內容。通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是：
1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時，從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”
“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”
“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”
2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候，從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時，從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如：
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
注：在此種情況下，即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態，從句謂語也應用一般現在時。
4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況
利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時，還應注意，若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞，從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣，不能遵循時態一致原則。例如：
We insisted that we do it ourselves.
動詞的語態
語態也是動詞的一種形式，英語有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動語態)
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態)
1.不能用于被動語態的動詞和短語
(1)在英語中，不及物動詞不能用于被動語態，但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。
(2)某些表示狀態或特征的及物動詞，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態。
2.被動語態的時態形式
常用的被動語態有表1所列的幾種時態形式。
表1
時?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般時 進行時 完成時
現在 am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
過去
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
將來 shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
過去 should be asked should have been asked
將來 would be asked would have been asked
3.短語動詞的被動語態
短語動詞轉換為被動語態時，通常被看作是一個動詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如：
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4.“get + -ed分詞”的被動語態
“get + -ed分詞”結構強調動作的結果，而非動作本身，常用來表示突發性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外，“get + -ed分詞”還可用于談論為自己做的事，是主動的行為而不是被動的行為。例如：
get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)
get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)
get married(結婚)
5.能帶兩個賓語和復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態
(1)能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，一次只能由一個賓語作主語，另一個賓語被保留下來。例如：
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主動語態)
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被動語態)
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被動語態)
(2)能帶復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，原來的賓語補足語變為主語補足語。例如：
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動語態)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動語態)
6.被動語態與系表結構的區別
(1)The novel was well written.(系表結構)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動語態)
7.少數動詞的主動語態有時有被動的意思
例1：The book is selling remarkably well.
例2：The song sounds very beautiful.
能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來)，clean(擦起來)，wash(洗起來)，write(寫起來)。
例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
能像need這樣用的動詞還有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。
例4：The meat is cooking.
例5：The book written by the professor is printing.
在英語中被動語態分時態,我給你舉些例子:
(1)一般現在時:This song is often sung by children.孩子們常唱這首歌.
(2)一般過去時:This house was built in 1958.這房子建于1958年.
(3)一般將來時:Many buildings will be built in my home town.在我的家鄉,許多大樓將要建成.
(4)過去將來時:The old scientist said that he would be invited to vist their country before long.那位老科學家說不久他將應邀訪問他們的國家.
(5)現在進行時:The proposal is being considered now.正在考慮這個提案.
(6)過去進行時:Mr Wu was in hospital .When we went to see him,he was being operated on.吳先生住院了.我們去看他時,他正在動手術.
(7)現在完成時:Have the letters been posted ?信已經寄出去了嗎?
(8)過去完成時:He came and told us that the work had been finished.他來告訴我們,工作已經完成.
(9)將來完成時:By the end of this year,the tall building will have been built.到今年年底,這幢高樓將建成.
(10)過去將來時:The boy told mother that his homework have been finished by ten o'clock.男孩告訴媽媽到10:00他將做完作業.
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